ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: This study investigates the relationship between the second and fourth finger ratio (2D:4D), physicians' propensity to choose an internal or surgical branch, and sex differences. On a voluntary basis, 177 physicians working in Elazig, 122 men and 55 women were enrolled in the study. Their hands were measured for 2D and 4D lengths, and the 2D:4D ratio was computed. In female doctors, the left hand's 2D:4D ratio is 1.01, compared to the right hand's 1.00. Male doctors' right 2D:4D ratio is 0.99, while their left 2D:4D ratio is 1.00. Male physicians' 2D:4D ratios were different from those of men in the general population, whereas female physicians' 2D:4D ratios were comparable to those of women in the general population. As a result, this study was the first to examine the relationship between the ratio of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D), physicians' tendency to choose an internal medicine or surgical branch, and sex differences. While the 2D:4D ratio was higher than 0.98 in all physicians, it was low in women who disliked their profession and branch. Since there aren't many studies on this subject, data from in-depth studies that will be conducted in the future will help physicians who choose internal medicine and surgery make more informed decisions.
Este estudio investiga la relación entre la proporción de los dedos segundo y cuarto (2D:4D), la propensión de los médicos a elegir una rama interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de género. De forma voluntaria, se inscribieron en el estudio 177 médicos que trabajaban en Elazig, 122 hombres y 55 mujeres. Sus manos se midieron en longitudes 2D y 4D, y se calculó la relación 2D:4D. En las médicos mujeres, la relación 2D:4D de la mano izquierda es 1,01, en comparación con 1,00 de la mano derecha. La relación 2D:4D derecha de los médicos hombres fue 0,99, mientras que la relación 2D:4D izquierda fye 1,00. Las proporciones 2D:4D de los médicos hombres fueron diferentes de las de los hombres en la población general, mientras que las proporciones 2D:4D de las mujeres médicas fueron comparables a las de las mujeres en la población general. Como resultado, este estudio fue el primero en examinar la relación entre la proporción del segundo y cuarto dedo (2D:4D), la tendencia de los médicos a elegir una rama de medicina interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de sexo. Mientras que la relación 2D:4D fue superior a 0,98 en todos los médicos, fue baja en las mujeres que no les gustaba su profesión y rama. Dado que no hay muchos estudios sobre este tema, los datos de estudios en profundidad que se realizarán en el futuro ayudarán a los médicos que eligen medicina interna y cirugía a tomar decisiones más informadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physicians/psychology , Choice Behavior , Fingers/anatomy & histology , Digit Ratios , General Surgery , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Sex Characteristics , Internal MedicineABSTRACT
Aims: To investigate whether air in the kidney or bladder is only associated with gas-forming infection, or whether it can be observed after endoscopic interventions including ureteral and cystoscopic. If this is the case, what are the parameters that affect the amount of air in the urinary tract? Study Design: A prospective case series study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Urology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, between 2013 and 2014. Methodology: One hundred and forty patients who underwent any kind of ureteral intervention including flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURS-L), semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS-L), double J stenting alone (JJS), URS-L + JJS, and FURS-L + JJS due to urinary system stones were enrolled. Computed tomography without contrast substance was performed 6 hours after ureteral intervention in order to determine whether there was any air in the urinary tract. Two groups were formed as group 1 and 2: less than 30 min and longer than 30 min of operation time. Results: Air in the kidney was observed in 40% (24/60) of the patients from group 1 and 80% (64/80) of the patients from group 2 (p<0.05). Air in the bladder was found in 53.3% (32/60) of patients in group 1 and 65% (52/80) in group 2 (p>0.05). The mean area of air (mm2) in the kidney for group 1 and group 2 was 6.54±5.56 and 13.59±15.1 (p>0.05). There were no significant relationships between side of the intervention, air in the kidney and bladder, operation time and waist circumference. Conclusion: Air-migration into the kidneys after ureteral insertions can occur, especially when the operation time is longer than 30 min. If fever or urosepsis is established after ureteroscopic interventions, this situation should be taken into account by the urologists before treating these patients for gas-forming infections.
ABSTRACT
To determine the effects of two different radiation doses on sperm parameters and the role of testosterone treatment on rat spermatogenesis. The experimental animal study was conducted at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, from September 2012 to January 2013. Male Sprague Dawley 4-6 months old rats weighing 300-350g were randomely divided into 5 equal groups as control, low dose irradiation, testosterone administration following low dose irradiation, high dose irradiation, and testosterone administration following high dose irradiation. The animals were kept at a constant temperature in a room with 12h light and dark cycles. After the group-wise intervention, sperm concentration, testicular size, and histopathological examination of seminiferous tubules were noted. SPSS 10 was used for statistical analysis. The 40 rats in the study were divided in 5 groups of 8[20%] each. In low dose radiation, adverse effects were only temporarily observed with the return of almost normal testicular function at the end of two months with or without testosterone supplementation. In contrast, in high dose radiation, hormonal treatment effect was controversial. Testosterone treatment had no significant effect upon recovery after irradiation. In order to prevent the untoward effects of radiation, shielding of the remaining testis in a proper manner is crucial to avoid the harmful effects of the scattered radiation
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Radiation , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients. A mononucleosis-like syndrome may develop in some patients. Various organ involvements (eg: encephalitis, meningitis, retinitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, hepatitis, enterocolitis, neuritis), which rarely occur in immunocompetent patients, have also been reported. Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis caused by CMV infection has been reported very rarely in the literature. Here, a case with a very rare clinical form of CMV infection, presenting with persistent fever and livedo reticularis on the extremities and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis of the toes, is described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. This case report aims to highlight the possibility of CMV infection to be a cause of cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.